Embedded systems can be classified into different types based on performance, functional requirements and performance of the microcontroller.
Embedded systems, integral to various electronic devices, can be categorized based on their performance, functional requirements, and the microcontroller’s capabilities.
This article provides a detailed exploration of the types of embedded systems, shedding light on their characteristics and applications.
Classification of Embedded Systems
Standalone Embedded Systems:
- Standalone embedded systems operate independently, requiring no external host system. They receive input from analog or digital ports, process data, and deliver results to connected devices.
- Examples include mp3 players, digital cameras, video game consoles, microwave ovens, and temperature measurement systems.
Real-Time Embedded Systems:
- Real-time embedded systems are characterized by their ability to produce required outputs within specified timeframes. They adhere to time deadlines for task completion and can be further classified into soft and hard real-time systems.
Networked Embedded Systems:
- Networked embedded systems are connected to a network, enabling access to shared resources. The network can be local (LAN), wide (WAN), or internet-based, using wired or wireless connections.
- An emerging application is the embedded web server, where devices are accessible and controllable via a web browser.For instance, a home security system connected through TCP/IP.
Mobile Embedded Systems:
- Mobile embedded systems are employed in portable devices such as cell phones, digital cameras, mp3 players, and personal digital assistants. Their limitations stem from resource constraints, including memory.
Microcontroller-Based Classification
Small Scale Embedded Systems:
- Designed with a single 8 or 16-bit microcontroller, small-scale embedded systems may run on battery power.
- Development tools include editors, assemblers, cross assemblers, and integrated development environments (IDEs).
Medium Scale Embedded Systems:
- Medium-scale embedded systems utilize single or 16/32-bit microcontrollers, RISCs, or DSPs. These systems entail both hardware and software complexities.
- Development tools encompass C, C++, JAVA, Visual C++, real-time operating systems (RTOS), debuggers, source code engineering tools, simulators, and IDEs.
Sophisticated Embedded Systems:
- Sophisticated embedded systems are characterized by extensive hardware and software complexities, potentially requiring Application-Specific Instruction-set Processors (ASIPs), Intellectual Properties (IPs), Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs), or scalable/configurable processors.
- These systems are vital for cutting-edge applications demanding hardware and software co-design.
Understanding the diverse classifications of embedded systems enhances our appreciation for their ubiquity and versatility in modern electronics. Whether standalone, real-time, networked, or mobile, embedded systems play a pivotal role in powering everyday devices and cutting-edge technologies.
